Ammonium Chloride

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{{Chembox new| ImageFile = Ammonium chloride.jpg| ImageSize =| IUPACName = Ammonium chloride| OtherNames =| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| CASNo = 12125-02-9| PubChem =| SMILES = --> | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = NH4Cl| MolarMass = 53.49 g/mol| Appearance = White solid| Density = 1.527 g/cm3| MeltingPt = 338 °C (sublimes)| BoilingPt = 520 °C| Solubility = 29.7 g/100 g water at 0 °C --> | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards| MainHazards =| FlashPt =| Autoignition = --> -->Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac, sal armoniac, salmiakki, salmiak and salt armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt with a biting, slightly sour taste. The aqueous ammonium chloride solution is mildly acidic.

History The modern name "ammonium" comes from sal ammoniac. The substance was known as nushadir salt (Arabic and Persian language: نشادر) in Arabic language countries and Iran, naosha () in China, nao sadar in India.

It was considered one of the four Alchemy "spirits". While the way that it dissociates into two corrosive materials (ammonia and hydrochloric acid) which attack metals convinced some eager alchemists that it might hold the key to converting one metal to another, Arabs used it as a source of ammonia:

:2NH4Cl + 2CaO → CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3

Sources In nature, the substance occurs in volcano regions, forming on volcanic rocks near fume-releasing vents. The crystals deposit directly from the gaseous state, and tend to be short-lived, as they dissolve easily in water.

Ammonium chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia, NH3, with hydrogen chloride, HCl:

:NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl

Applications Ammonium chloride is sold in blocks at hardware stores for use in cleaning the tip of a soldering iron and can also be included in solder as Flux (metallurgy).

Other uses include a feed supplement for cattle, in hair shampoo, in textile printing, in the glue that bonds plywood, as an ingredient in nutritive media for yeast, in cleaning products, and as cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritative action on the bronchial mucosa. This causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid which presumably is easier to cough up. It is the active ingredient in many antiperspirants, usually aerosols. It is also used in an oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis.

Ammonium chloride is used in snow treatment, namely on ski slopes at temperatures above 0 °C, to harden the snow and slow its melting.http://www.mpa.cc/ski_rule.html

In several countries sal ammoniac is used to spice up liquorice-type dark candy (Finland's salmiakki and the Netherlands' salmiakki and the Danish Dracula Piller are popular examples), and as a flavoring for vodkas.

See also

Salty liquorice
Salmiakki Koskenkorva

References

{{Chembox new| ImageFile = Ammonium chloride.jpg| ImageSize =| IUPACName = Ammonium chloride| OtherNames =| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| CASNo = 12125-02-9| PubChem =| SMILES = --> | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = NH4Cl| MolarMass = 53.49 g/mol| Appearance = White solid| Density = 1.527 g/cm3| MeltingPt = 338 °C (sublimes)| BoilingPt = 520 °C| Solubility = 29.7 g/100 g water at 0 °C --> | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards| MainHazards =| FlashPt =| Autoignition = --> -->Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac, sal armoniac, salmiakki, salmiak and salt armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt with a biting, slightly sour taste. The aqueous ammonium chloride solution is mildly acidic.

History The modern name "ammonium" comes from sal ammoniac. The substance was known as nushadir salt (Arabic and Persian language: نشادر) in Arabic language countries and Iran, naosha () in China, nao sadar in India.

It was considered one of the four Alchemy "spirits". While the way that it dissociates into two corrosive materials (ammonia and hydrochloric acid) which attack metals convinced some eager alchemists that it might hold the key to converting one metal to another, Arabs used it as a source of ammonia:

:2NH4Cl + 2CaO → CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3

Sources In nature, the substance occurs in volcano regions, forming on volcanic rocks near fume-releasing vents. The crystals deposit directly from the gaseous state, and tend to be short-lived, as they dissolve easily in water.

Ammonium chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia, NH3, with hydrogen chloride, HCl:

:NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl

Applications Ammonium chloride is sold in blocks at hardware stores for use in cleaning the tip of a soldering iron and can also be included in solder as Flux (metallurgy).

Other uses include a feed supplement for cattle, in hair shampoo, in textile printing, in the glue that bonds plywood, as an ingredient in nutritive media for yeast, in cleaning products, and as cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritative action on the bronchial mucosa. This causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid which presumably is easier to cough up. It is the active ingredient in many antiperspirants, usually aerosols. It is also used in an oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis.

Ammonium chloride is used in snow treatment, namely on ski slopes at temperatures above 0 °C, to harden the snow and slow its melting.http://www.mpa.cc/ski_rule.html

In several countries sal ammoniac is used to spice up liquorice-type dark candy (Finland's salmiakki and the Netherlands' salmiakki and the Danish Dracula Piller are popular examples), and as a flavoring for vodkas.

See also

Salty liquorice
Salmiakki Koskenkorva

References

Ammonium chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ammonium chloride (N H 4 Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac, sal armoniac, salmiakki, salmiak and salt armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear ...

Safety (MSDS) data for ammonium chloride
Safety (MSDS) data for ammonium chloride ... Glossary of terms on this data sheet. The information on this web page is provided to help you to work safely, but it is intended to be ...

Ammonium Chloride
Synonyms: Ammonium chloride: Formula: NH 4 Cl: CAS No. 12125-02-9: EINECS No. 235-186-4: Appearance: Fine, White crystals: NH 4 CL: Not less than 99.7% NaCL: Less than 0.2%

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
1. Product Identification Synonyms: Sal ammoniac; Ammonium muriate CAS No.: 12125-02-9 Molecular Weight: 53.49 Chemical Formula: NH4Cl

Definition: ammonium chloride from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.

Chemical Safety Data: Ammonium chloride
Chemical Safety Data: Ammonium chloride ... Common synonyms: Sal ammoniac: Formula: NH 4 Cl: Physical properties: Form: White to light grey crystalline powder

ammonium chloride - definition of ammonium chloride by the Free Online ...
Definition of ammonium chloride in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of ammonium chloride. Pronunciation of ammonium chloride. Translations of ammonium chloride. ammonium chloride ...

Ammonium chloride provides portable electricity - ammonium chloride ...
Ammonium chloride provides portable electricity - detailed information about ammonium chloride as dry cell batteries and power sources in chlorine chemistry.

SAL_AMMONIAC (Ammonium Chloride)
Chemistry: NH4Cl, Ammonium Chloride. * Class: Halides * Uses: As mineral specimens. * Specimens Sal ammoniac is certainly an oddball mineral. It is composed of ammonium, NH4, and ...

ammonium chloride definition of ammonium chloride in the Free Online ...
Encyclopedia article about ammonium chloride. Information about ammonium chloride in the Columbia Encyclopedia, Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, computing dictionary.